Apparent and Conmplex Geological Structure Indicating Lushan'sMain Process in Crust Change
Lushan's upthrow in the Quaternary Period was strong,resulting in numerous faults and the formation of peaks.As Lushan rose the sunounding areas sank.The Poyang Lake Basin was developed.The lake came into being.The north was mainly characterized by bends,forming a series of valleys and mountain ranges as landforms.The south and   northwest encompass fault escarments,which form high peaks In the mountain area are distributed broad and  narrow valleys and gorges. The outlying districts are terraced fields or valley terraces.There are many summits, rocks, gullies,rapid waterfalls and caves in strange shapes.The scene in Lushan is thus very strange-looking amidst beautiful mountains. Dahanyang Peak,l,479 m above sea level, is the highest,followed by Tiechuanfeng(Iron Ship Peak),958 m,which looks like a big ship.The Wangjiapo Twin Waterfalls resemble two dragons emitting water.The Tree-Step Waterfall rushes down into a pool from a height of l55 m.In the wind and under the sunlight Lushan is varied inlandscape.

Summer is cool in Lushan,where mist and cloud occur frequently.The vegetation reveals features of the Tertiary Period in China.The Lushan Botanical Garen, set up in l934,is an imponant base for the protection and migration of plants species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangze river. There are 17l categories of birds.Over l million migratory birds(receiving state protection)spend every winter in Poyang Lake, among which the white crane is the largest flock of gregarious birds,making up 95% of the total white crane population in the world.

The White Deer Cave College in  Lushan,first set up in 940 AD tops the list of four biggest colleges of ancient China ZhuXi,the master of the neo-Confucian school of the Song Dynasty(devoted to the study of classics with a philosophical approach)advocated his ideas on education,which became the norm of ancient Chinesee ducation,exerting an imponant impact on the education history of the world. In 39l AD the eminent Buddhist leader,Huiyuan,built the Donglin si(East Grove Temple),which is the earliest temple garden. Huiyuan spent 36 years of his active life in Buddhism in Lushan,where he founded the pureland sect. This made Lushan a Buddhist center in South china.In the 5th century AD Lu Xiing of the Southern Dynasties period founded the Nantianshi(Heavenly Teacher of the South)Sect of Taoism.In the Tang Dynasty Ma Zudao set up the Linjizong and Weiyangzong sects of Buddhism in Lushan He exerted a strong innuence in Buddhism.By the Song Dynasty there were as many as 36l temples in Lushan.In the wake of the Ming and Qing dynasties Moslems, Protestants and Catholics built mosques or churches in Lushan to preach their tenets. In the course of 1,600 years of development Lushan has become a rare phenomenon where five religions exist  side by side in one mountain.

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